Mining is a key driver of Tanzania’s export economy, supported by significant deposits of gold, diamonds, tanzanite, coal, nickel and industrial minerals. Tanzania is Africa’s fourth largest gold producer and the sole global source of tanzanite. Recent discoveries of nickel, graphite and rare earth elements have strengthened the country’s role in global energy transition mineral supply chains. The government has prioritised increased local participation and beneficiation within the sector.
Mining contributes approximately 7 to 8% of GDP and accounts for over 40% of total export earnings, with gold dominating mineral exports. The sector employs over 200,000 people directly, with substantial indirect employment through services, logistics and supply chains. Mining also represents one of the largest sources of foreign direct investment, supporting fiscal revenues and infrastructure development.
The mining sector is expected to expand further, driven by rising global demand for gold and critical minerals such as nickel, graphite and rare earths. Planned beneficiation initiatives, including mineral processing and refining, are expected to enhance domestic value addition. Continued regulatory stability and infrastructure investment will be key to sustaining growth and attracting long term investment.