Agriculture remains a foundational pillar of Mozambique’s economy, supporting rural livelihoods and employing the majority of the population. The sector is dominated by smallholder farming, with production centered on staple crops such as maize, cassava, rice, sorghum, and beans, alongside cash crops including cashew nuts, cotton, tobacco, sugar, tea, and horticultural products. Mozambique benefits from abundant arable land, diverse agro-ecological zones, and extensive river systems, providing strong underlying potential for agricultural development. Despite these advantages, agricultural production remains largely rain-fed and low-input, with limited mechanization, weak irrigation coverage, and underdeveloped storage and processing capacity constraining productivity and value addition.
