Select country
Egypt
Egypt is a country whose economy continues to grow, though at a moderate pace amid persistent macroeconomic challenges. In 2024, the country recorded real GDP growth of 2.40%, reflecting subdued expansion influenced by external pressures, currency instability, and high financing needs. With a population of 116.54 million, Egypt’s GDP reached 383.11 billion USD in 2024. Inflation stood at a very high 33.30%, indicating severe price pressures that significantly erode household purchasing power and affect overall living conditions. The Human Development Index, at 0.754, places Egypt in the high development category, showing substantial progress in areas such as education and healthcare, although disparities and structural gaps remain. The employment rate for people aged 15 and over is 42.82%, a relatively low figure that highlights ongoing labor market challenges, including high youth unemployment, limited private-sector job creation, and persistent informality.
GDP nominal
USD 383 billion (2024)
Inflation
33.3% (2024)
Real GDP growth
2.3% (2024)
Employment as a % of population 15+
42.82%
Population
116.5 million (2024)
Human development index
0.754
Investment indicators
General government investment (gross fixed capital formation) as a % of GDP
Private investment (gross fixed capital formation) as a % of GDP
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Investment landscape
Key sectors
Industry
Manufacturing is a central pillar of Egypt’s industrialisation and export diversification strategy. The government’s industrial policy emphasises localisation, import substitution and integration into regional and global value chains, supported by industrial zones, preferential trade agreements and targeted incentives. Priority subsectors include chemicals and petrochemicals, building materials, automotive assembly, textiles and garments, and food processing. Institutionally, the sector is…
Learn more
Renewable energy
Egypt has positioned renewable energy as a central pillar of its long-term energy transition and energy security strategy. The government’s Integrated Sustainable Energy Strategy targets 42% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2030, relying primarily on solar, wind and hydropower. The country benefits from strong natural endowments, including high solar irradiation and favourable wind corridors along the Gulf of Suez, which underpin large-scale projects such as the 1.65 GW…
Learn more
Logistics
Transport and logistics are central to Egypt’s ambition to position itself as a regional trade and industrial hub linking Africa, Europe and Asia. The sector is anchored by the Suez Canal, one of the world’s most strategic maritime corridors, and is supported by an extensive programme of public investment in ports, railways, roads and dry ports. The government is pursuing a multimodal logistics strategy focused on improving trade facilitation, reducing congestion and strengthening…
Learn more
Tourism
Tourism is a cornerstone of Egypt’s economy and a central pillar of its foreign exchange strategy. The country benefits from globally recognised cultural assets (Pharaonic, Greco-Roman and Islamic heritage), extensive Red Sea coastal resorts, and year-round favourable climate conditions. The government’s Tourism Development Strategy aims to increase visitor numbers, upgrade service quality and diversify tourism products toward higher-value segments. Institutionally, the sector is overseen by…
Learn more
Agriculture
Egypt’s agricultural system is centered on intensive irrigation along the Nile Valley and Delta, enabling high-value cultivation of wheat, maize, rice, vegetables and horticulture products. Despite strong agro-ecological potential, the sector faces constraints such as land scarcity, water stress, limited mechanization in some regions and significant post-harvest losses. Food processing capacity remains insufficient to meet the needs of a fast-growing population, resulting in high import…
Learn more
ICT and digital services
The ICT and digital services sector has emerged as one of Egypt’s fastest-growing economic segments and a priority under the government’s Digital Egypt strategy. The country is positioning itself as a regional hub for IT outsourcing, business process outsourcing (BPO), fintech and digital innovation, supported by a large pool of young graduates and competitive operating costs. The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology leads sector policy, with implementation support from…
Learn more